Congenital Atrial Septic Defect Repair in India

What is Congenital Atrial Septic Defect (ASD)?

Congenital Atrial septal defect is a type of congenital heart disease, which means a person is born with it. People with ASD have an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart, or the atria. In most cases, ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications.

What Causes an Congenital Atrial Septal Defect?

ASDs occur during a baby's development in the mother's womb and are present at birth. Before birth, the heart develops from a large tube, dividing into sections that will eventually become its walls and chambers. If a problem occurs during this process, a hole in the wall that divides the left atrium from the right may result.

In some cases, the tendency to develop an ASD may be inherited, or genetic. For most people with an ASD, no one knows exactly why it happens

What are the types of Congenital Atrial Septic Defect (ASD)?

There are five types of atrial septal defects, the most common of which are minor:

• Patent foramen ovale
• Ostium secundum defect
• Ostium primus defect
• Sinus venosus defect
• Coronary sinus defect

How does Congenital Atrial Septic Defect (ASD) affect the heart?

Normally, the left side of the heart only sends blood to the body, and the right side of the heart sends only blood to the lungs. In children with ASD, blood flows through the left upper cardiac chamber (left atrium) to the right upper chamber (right atrium) and into the pulmonary arteries.

If the ASD is large, the extra blood stored in the arteries of the lungs hardens the heart and s lungs and the lungs can gradually damage the arteries of the lungs.

If the hole in the heart is small, then, this may not be a reason for symptoms or problems. Most healthy adults still have a small opening in the middle wall of the atria, sometimes called the patented foramen ovale (PFO).

What causes for Congenital Atrial Septic Defect (ASD)?

Each baby is born with an opening between the chambers of the upper heart. This is a simple fetal opening that allows blood to separate from the lungs before birth. After birth, the opening is no longer necessary and usually closes in a few weeks or months or becomes too short.

Sometimes the opening is larger than normal and does not close after birth. Most children do not know the cause. Some children may also have other heart defects with ASD.

Is there any possibility to repair Congenital ASD naturally?

If the opening is small, it will not tighten the heart and lungs. Surgery and other treatments may not be necessary. Minor ASDs found in infants are often closed or narrow on their own.

How does Congenital ASD affect the child, if he suffers from ASD?

Children with ASD often have no symptoms. If the opening is small, the heart and s lungs do not need to be very hard so it does not cause symptoms. If the opening is large, there may be only an abnormal search murmur (sound made with a stethoscope) and other unusual heart sounds. In children with large ASD, the main risk is blood vessels in the lungs because more blood is pumped than usual. Over time, usually for many years, it can cause permanent damage to the blood vessels of the lungs.

Does ASD threaten lives?

Severe cases of atrial septal defect include malignant complications such as chest pain, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), abnormal heart rate, "pulsing" of the heart (atrial fibrillation) and/or heart failure.

What are the symptoms/signs of ASD?

1. Shortness of breath, especially when exercising
2. Fatigue
3. Swelling in feet, legs or abdomen
4. Strokes
5. Heart murmur, audible sound through a stethoscope
6. Heartbeat or prickly heartbeat

What are the treatments for Congenital ASD?

• Cardiac Catheterization: Doctors often use echocardiography or transesophageal echo as well as angiography to guide them in threading the catheter to the heart and closing the defect. Catheter procedures are much easier on patients than surgery because they involve only a needle puncture in the skin where the catheter is inserted. This means that recovery is faster and easier. The outlook for patients having this procedure is excellent.
• Surgical ASD closure: Surgical closure of an ASD involves opening up at least one atrium and closing the defect with a patch under direct visualization.
• Non-surgical (Percutaneous) ASD closure: Percutaneous closure of an ASD is currently only indicated for the closure of secundum ASDs with a sufficient rim of tissue around the septal defect so that the closure device does not impinge upon the SVC, IVC, or the tricuspid or mitral valves. The Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) is commonly used to close ASDs.

What are the diagnosis methods of Congenital ASD?

• Cardiac Examination, Chest X-ray and ECG – These are used to indicate the diagnosis
• Echocardiography, Color flow, Doppler studies – There are used to confirm the diagnosis

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