Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. The most common symptom of coronary artery disease is angina, or chest pain. Angina can be described as a discomfort, heaviness, pressure, aching, burning, fullness, squeezing, or painful feeling in your chest. It can be mistaken for indigestion or heartburn. Angina may also be felt in the shoulders, arms, neck, throat, jaw, or back. Some other symptoms of coronary artery disease include:
Risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease:
Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease:
Investigation like electrocardiogram (EKG), stress tests, ultrasound imaging of the heart muscle, coronary angiography, high speed CT scan are done to diagnose this disease.
What is Angiography?
An angiography helps diagnose conditions that affect blood vessels and flow of blood through them. The image on an angiogram is used to plan surgeries involving the blood vessels, such as Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) or Open Heart Surgery & coronary angioplasty (PTCA), which are performed to treat coronary heart disease.
How does coronary artery disease develop?
What is Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) or Open Heart Surgery?
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting or Open Heart Surgery is the most commonly performed procedure for treatment of patients with coronary heart diseases. A Cardiothoracic surgeon performs the procedure to bypass blockages or obstructions of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart with oxygen and nutrients. The heart relies on these fuels as it works constantly to pump blood through the body. The heart never rests like the other muscles in the body, and it demands a constant supply of fuel day and night. The term ischemic heart disease refers to the condition when the heart does not get these fuels. When the heart is sufficiently ischemic (when the shortage of fuel is critical enough), the muscle begins to die. This condition may cause a "heart attack" or myocardial infarction.
After the surgery, Sutures are removed from the chest prior to discharge and from the leg (if the saphenous vein is used) after 7 to 10 day. Patients are advised not to lift heavy weight or drive for the first four weeks to avoid any injury to the chest. Exercise stress testing is routinely done four to six weeks after CABG. Patients are also counseled to stop smoking, reducing weight and dietary fat, controlling blood pressure and diabetes, and lowering blood cholesterol levels.
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