Thrombosis cost in India

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What is Thrombosis?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in your legs. Deep vein thrombosis can cause leg pain or swelling, but also can occur with no symptoms. Deep vein thrombosis can develop if you have certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots. It can also happen if you don't move for a long time, such as after surgery or an accident, or when you're confined to bed. Deep vein thrombosis can be very serious because blood clots in your veins can break loose, travel through your bloodstream and lodge in your lungs, blocking blood flow (pulmonary embolism).

Symptoms

• Swelling in the affected leg. Rarely, there's swelling in both legs.
• Pain in your leg. The pain often starts in your calf and can feel like cramping or soreness.
• Red or discolored skin on the leg.
• A feeling of warmth in the affected leg.

Deep vein thrombosis can occur without noticeable symptoms.

The warning signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism include:

• Sudden shortness of breath
• Chest pain or discomfort that worsens when you take a deep breath or when you cough
• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy, or fainting
• Rapid pulse
• Coughing up blood

Causes

The blood clots of deep vein thrombosis can be caused by anything that prevents your blood from circulating or clotting normally, such as injury to a vein, surgery, certain medications and limited movement.

• Inheriting a blood-clotting disorder
• Prolonged bed rest, such as during a long hospital stay, or paralysis
• Injury or surgery
• Pregnancy
• Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) or hormone replacement therapy
• Being overweight or obese
• Smoking
• Cancer
• Heart failure
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• A personal or family history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
• Being older than 60 increases your risk of DVT, though it can occur at any age.
• Sitting for long periods of time, such as when driving or flying

Diagnosis

Depending on how likely you are to have a blood clot, your doctor might suggest tests, including:

• Ultrasound. A wand like device (transducer) placed over the part of your body where there's a clot sends sound waves into the area. As the sound waves travel through your tissue and reflect back, a computer transforms the waves into a moving image on a video screen. A clot might be visible in the image. Sometimes a series of ultrasounds are done over several days to determine whether a blood clot is growing or to check for a new one.
• Blood test. Almost all people who develop severe deep vein thrombosis have an elevated blood level of a substance called D dimer.
• Venography. A dye is injected into a large vein in your foot or ankle. An X-ray creates an image of the veins in your legs and feet, to look for clots. However, less invasive methods of diagnosis, such as ultrasound, can usually confirm the diagnosis.
• CT or MRI scans. Either can provide visual images of your veins and might show if you have a clot. Sometimes these scans performed for other reasons reveal a clot.

Treatment

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) treatment is aimed at preventing the clot from getting bigger and preventing it from breaking loose and causing a pulmonary embolism. Then the goal becomes reducing your chances of deep vein thrombosis happening again.

Deep vein thrombosis treatment options include:

• Blood thinners. These drugs, also called anticoagulants, are the most common treatment for DVT. They can keep a clot from growing or breaking off, and they prevent new clots from forming. But they can't thin your blood, despite their name. And they won’t get rid of an existing clot.
• Clot busters. If you have a more serious type of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or if other medications aren't working, your doctor might prescribe drugs that break up clots quickly, called clot busters or thrombolytics. These drugs are either given through an IV line to break up blood clots or through a catheter placed directly into the clot. These drugs can cause serious bleeding, so they're generally reserved for severe cases of blood clots.
• Filters. If you can't take medicines to thin your blood, you might have a filter inserted into a large vein — the vena cava — in your abdomen. A vena cava filter prevents clots that break loose from lodging in your lungs.
• Compression stockings. To help prevent swelling associated with deep vein thrombosis, these are worn on your legs from your feet to about the level of your knees. This pressure helps reduce the chances that your blood will pool and clot. You should wear these stockings during the day for at least two years, if possible.

Prevention

Measures to prevent deep vein thrombosis include:

• Avoid sitting still. If you have had surgery or have been on bed rest for other reasons, try to get moving as soon as possible. If you're sitting for a while, don't cross your legs, which can hamper blood flow. If you're traveling a long distance by car, stop every hour or so and walk around. If you're on a plane, stand or walk occasionally. If you can't do that, exercise your lower legs. Try raising and lowering your heels while keeping your toes on the floor, then raising your toes with your heels are on the floor.
• Make lifestyle changes. Lose weight and quit smoking.
• Exercise. Regular exercise lowers your risk of blood clots, which is especially important for people who sit a lot or travel frequently.

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