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Released Date : 2021-03-27
Bone mineral density (BMD) is the measurement of how much bone mineral is in your bones. If you have osteopenia, you have lower bone density than normal. Your bone density peaks when you’re about 35 years old. Your BMD estimates the chances of breaking a bone from a normal activity. People who have osteopenia have a lower BMD than normal, but it’s not a disease. However, having osteopenia does increase your chances of developing osteoporosis. This bone disease causes fractures, stooped posture, and can lead to severe pain and loss of height.
Loss of bone mass isn’t painful. Broken bones or fractures can occur, but these problems tend to happen once you have osteoporosis.
Certain other conditions can also increase your risk of developing osteopenia:
You should test your BMD tested if you’re:
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, called DEXA or DXA, is the most common way to measure BMD. It’s also known as a bone mineral density test. It uses X-rays that have lower radiation than a typical X-ray. The test is painless. DEXA usually measures bone density levels in your spine, hip, wrist, finger, shin, or heel. DEXA compares the density of your bone to the density of a 30-year-old’s of the same sex and race. The result of a DEXA is a T-score, which your doctor can use to diagnose you.
T-score |
Diagnosis |
+1.0 to –1.0 |
normal bone density |
–1.0 to –2.5 |
low bone density, or osteopenia |
–2.5 or more |
osteoporosis |
If your T-score shows you have osteopenia, your DEXA report may include your FRAX score. If it doesn’t, your doctor can calculate it.The FRAX tool uses your bone density and other risk factors to estimate your risk of breaking your hip, spine, forearm, or shoulder within the next 10 years.
The goal of treatment is to keep osteopenia from progressing into osteoporosis. The first part of treatment involves diet and exercise choices. The risk of breaking a bone when you have osteopenia is fairly small, so doctors don’t usually prescribe medicine unless your BMD is very close to the osteoporosis level. Your healthcare provider might talk to you about taking a calcium or vitamin D supplement, although generally it’s better to get enough of each from your diet.
Frequently asked questions
Q.What is the best treatment for osteopenia?
Bisphosphonates are the main drugs doctors use to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. They include alendronic acid (Fosamax), ibandronic acid (Boniva), risedronic acid (Actonel), and zoledronic acid (Reclast). Most bisphosphonates are pills you take usually once a week or once a month.
Q.When should osteopenia be treated?
Drug treatment should then be considered in patients having osteoporosis and in patients with osteopenia when FRAX indicates a 10-year fracture probability of at least 3% for hip or at least 20% for major fractures.
Q.Does walking help osteopenia?
Like muscle, bone gets stronger when you use it. The best moves for bones are weight-bearing exercises that force your body to work against gravity. That includes walking, stair climbing, dancing, and lifting weights.
Q.What foods are bad for osteopenia?
Q.What type of calcium is best for osteopenia?
The two main forms of calcium supplements are carbonate and citrate. Calcium carbonate is cheapest and therefore often a good first choice. Other forms of calcium in supplements include gluconate and lactate.
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