Acute Monoblastic Leukemia treatment in India

Acute Monoblastic Leukemia

Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia are myeloid leukemias in which the peripheral blood or bone marrow has greater than or equal to 20% blasts (including promonocytes) and in which greater than or equal to 80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage, including monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes; a minor neutrophil component (< 20%) may be present. Acute monoblastic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia are distinguished by the relative proportions of monoblasts and promonocytes. In acute monoblastic leukemia, most (greater than or equal to 80%) of the monocytic cells are monoblasts. In acute monocytic leukemia, most of the monocytic cells are promonocytes or monocytes.

Symptoms

• Bleeding disorders
• Central nervous involvement common
• Cutaneous and gingival infiltration
• Easy bruising and bleeding
• Extramedullary masses
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Petechiae
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness
• Weight loss or loss of appetite

Diagnosis

• Bone marrow biopsy
• Flow cytometry
• Genetic testing
• Histologic confirmation
• Immunophenotyping

Treatment

Based on your treatment options, you may have different types of doctors on your treatment team. These doctors could include:

A hematologist: a doctor who treats disorders of the blood

A medical oncologist: a doctor who treats cancer with medicines

It’s important to discuss all of your treatment options and their goals and possible side effects, with your treatment team to help make the decision that best fits your needs. Some important things to consider include: 

• Your age and overall health
• The type of AML you have
• The likelihood that treatment will cure you (or help in some other way)
• Your feelings about the possible side effects from treatment

In most cases AML can progress quickly if not treated, so it's important to start treatment as soon as possible after the diagnosis is made.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pushes your bone marrow to make large numbers of abnormal and underdeveloped blood cells called blast cells. These cells crowd out healthy mature red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The goal of AML treatments is to destroy unhealthy immature blood cells in your bone marrow and blood. The goal is to put you into a complete remission, which means you have no blood markers or symptoms of cancer.

Several different treatments work on AML:

• Chemotherapy
• Stem cell transplant
• Radiation
• Targeted therapy

Your treatment will have two phases:

Phase 1: Remission induction therapy. You'll get high doses of chemotherapy to destroy as many leukemia blast cells as possible. There are targeted therapy drugs as well.

Four to 6 weeks after treatment, your bone marrow should start to make healthy blood cells. Your doctor will take a bone marrow sample and do tests to see if any leukemia cells are left in your blood. If no signs of leukemia cells are present, doctors call that being “in remission.” You'll still need to go through post-remission therapy to help you stay in remission.

Phase 2: Post-remission therapy (Consolidation). Post-remission therapy uses more treatments to wipe out any cancer cells that might have been left behind after chemotherapy. This is called a complete remission. You have three options:

Chemotherapy. You may get several cycles of high-dose chemotherapy once a month.

• Allogeneic (from a donor) stem cell transplant
• Autologous (from yourself) stem cell transplant
• Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses strong drugs to kill cancer cells all over your body. You get these drugs by mouth, through an IV, or via an injection under your skin. If the cancer has spread to your brain or spinal cord, you'll get chemotherapy into the fluid around your brain and spinal cord. Doctors call this intrathecal chemotherapy.

Side effects: Chemotherapy works by killing quickly dividing cells in your body. Cancer cells divide quickly, but so do other cells -- like those in your immune system, the lining of your mouth and intestines, and your hair follicles. When chemotherapy damages these healthy cells, you can have side effects like these:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Hair loss
• Mouth sores
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhea and constipation
• Easy bruising and bleeding
• Increased risk for infections

Most of these side effects should go away once your treatment ends. Your doctor can give you medicines and other treatments to help you manage chemotherapy side effects.

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Frequently asked questions

Q. Is acute monocytic leukemia curable?

Although AML is a serious disease, it is treatable and often curable with chemotherapy with or without a bone marrow/stem cell transplant.

Q. How deadly is acute myeloid leukemia?

The five-year survival rate for adults with AML—the number of people who are alive five years after diagnosis—is only 24 percent, according to the American Cancer Society. New medicines and treatment approaches are urgently needed.

Q.What are the final stages of leukemia?

These are some of the end stage leukemia symptoms to be aware of.

• Weakness. In most cases, toward the end of cancer, a patient will be extremely weak
• Confusion. Leukemia patients may experience confusion about time, place, or people
• Food Intake
• Sleep
• Anxiety
• Mucus
• Skin
• Heart Rate

Q.What foods cure leukemia?

To help your body heal, the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society recommends a balanced diet that includes:

• 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables.
• whole grains and legumes.
• low-fat, high-protein foods, such as fish, poultry, and lean meats.
• low-fat dairy.

Q. What foods to avoid if you have leukemia?

• Avoid raw or rare meat and fish and uncooked or undercooked eggs
• Thoroughly cook eggs (no runny yolks) and avoid foods containing raw eggs such as raw cookie dough or homemade mayonnaise
• Avoid unpasteurized beverages, such as fruit juice, milk and raw milk yogurt